1. Open circuit voltage
Open circuit voltage VOC: That is, the solar panel is placed under AM1.5 spectral conditions, 100 mW/cm2 of light source intensity, and the output voltage of the solar cell when
both ends are open.
 
2. Short circuit current
Short-circuit current ISC: It is the current value that flows through both ends of the solar panel when the solar panel is exposed to the AM1.5 spectral condition and the light source
intensity of 100 mW/cm2, when the output terminal is short-circuited.
 
3. Maximum output power
The working voltage and current of the outdoor solar panel change with the load resistance, and
the volt-ampere characteristic curve of the solar panel can be obtained by making curves
 of the working voltage and current values corresponding to different resistance values.
If the selected load resistance value can maximize the product of output voltage and current,
the maximum output power can be obtained, which is represented by the symbol Pm.
The working voltage and working current at this time are called the best working voltage
and the best working current, which are represented by the symbols Um and Im respectively.
 
4. Fill factor
Another important parameter of triangular solar panels is the fill factor (FF), which is the ratio of the maximum output power to the product of the open circuit voltage and short circuit current.
FF: It is an important indicator to measure the output characteristics of solar cells. It represents the characteristics of the maximum power that the solar panel can output when it is loaded with the best load. The larger the value, the greater the output power of the solar panel. The value of FF is always less than 1. Series and parallel resistances have a greater impact on the fill factor. The larger the series resistance, the more the short-circuit current decreases, and the more the fill factor decreases; the smaller the parallel resistance, the greater the current, which causes the open circuit voltage to drop more, and the fill factor decreases accordingly. many.
 
5. Conversion efficiency
The conversion efficiency of a circular solar panel refers to the maximum energy conversion efficiency when the optimal load resistance is connected to the external circuit, which is equal to the ratio of the output power of the solar cell to the energy incident on the surface of the solar cell. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar panels is an important parameter to measure battery quality and technical level. It is related to the structure, junction characteristics, material properties, working temperature, radiation damage of radioactive particles and environmental changes of solar cells.